arduino学习笔记13 - 4位数码管实验
这次我们进行的实验是使用arduino驱动一块共阳四位数码管。驱动数码管限流电阻肯定是必不可少的，限流电阻有两种接法，一种是在d1-d4阳极接，总共接4颗。这种接法好处是需求电阻比较少，但是会产生每一位上显示不同数字亮度会不一样，1最亮，8最暗。另外一种接法就是在其他8个引脚上接，这种接法亮度显示均匀，但是用电阻较多。本次实验使用8颗220Ω电阻（因为没有100Ω电阻，所以使用220Ω的代替，100欧姆亮度会比较高）。
下图为4位数码管
4位数码管总共有12个引脚，小数点朝下正放在面前时，左下角为1,其他管脚顺序为逆时针旋转。左上角为最大的12号管脚。
下图为数码管的说明手册
下面是硬件连接图
把下面的代码复制下载到控制板中，看看效果。
//设置阴极接口
int a = 1;
int b = 2;
int c = 3;
int d = 4;
int e = 5;
int f = 6;
int g = 7;
int p = 8;
//设置阳极接口
int d4 = 9;
int d3 = 10;
int d2 = 11;
int d1 = 12;
//设置变量
int del = 100;
int buttoncount = 0;
int loopcount = 0;
void setup()
{
pinMode(d1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(d2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(d3, OUTPUT);
pinMode(d4, OUTPUT);
pinMode(a, OUTPUT);
pinMode(b, OUTPUT);
pinMode(c, OUTPUT);
pinMode(d, OUTPUT);
pinMode(e, OUTPUT);
pinMode(f, OUTPUT);
pinMode(g, OUTPUT);
pinMode(p, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(a, HIGH);
digitalWrite(b, HIGH);
digitalWrite(c, HIGH);
digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
digitalWrite(e, HIGH);
digitalWrite(f, HIGH);
digitalWrite(g, HIGH);
digitalWrite(p, HIGH);
}
void loop()
{
roulette(4);//轮转效果
delay(100);
zigzag(2); //Z字型效果
delay(100);
circles(4); //圈状效果
delay(100);
}
void pickDigit(int x)//定义pickDigit(x),其作用是开启dx端口
{
digitalWrite(d1, LOW);
digitalWrite(d2, LOW);
digitalWrite(d3, LOW);
digitalWrite(d4, LOW);
switch(x)
{
case 1:
digitalWrite(d1, HIGH);
break;
case 2:
digitalWrite(d2, HIGH);
break;
case 3:
digitalWrite(d3, HIGH);
break;
default:
digitalWrite(d4, HIGH);
break;
}
}
void clearLEDs()//清屏
{
digitalWrite(a, HIGH);
digitalWrite(b, HIGH);
digitalWrite(c, HIGH);
digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
digitalWrite(e, HIGH);
digitalWrite(f, HIGH);
digitalWrite(g, HIGH);
digitalWrite(p, HIGH);
}
void roulette(int x)//设置轮转效果
{
loopcount = 0;
while (loopcount < x)
{
digitalWrite(a, LOW);
pickDigit(1);
delay(del);
pickDigit(2);
delay(del);
pickDigit(3);
delay(del);
pickDigit(4);
delay(del);
digitalWrite(a, HIGH);
digitalWrite(b, LOW);
delay(del);
digitalWrite(b, HIGH);
digitalWrite(c, LOW);
delay(del);
digitalWrite(c, HIGH);
digitalWrite(d, LOW);
delay(del);
pickDigit(3);
delay(del);
pickDigit(2);
delay(del);
pickDigit(1);
delay(del);
digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
digitalWrite(e, LOW);
delay(del);
digitalWrite(e, HIGH);
digitalWrite(f, LOW);
delay(del);
clearLEDs();
loopcount++;
}
}
void zigzag(int x)//设置Z字形效果
{
loopcount = 0;
while(loopcount < x)
{
digitalWrite(a, LOW);
pickDigit(1);
delay(del);
pickDigit(2);
delay(del);
pickDigit(3);
delay(del);
pickDigit(4);
delay(del);
digitalWrite(a, HIGH);
digitalWrite(b, LOW);
delay(del);
digitalWrite(b, HIGH);
digitalWrite(g, LOW);
delay(del);
pickDigit(3);
delay(del);
pickDigit(2);
delay(del);
pickDigit(1);
delay(del);
digitalWrite(g, HIGH);
digitalWrite(e, LOW);
delay(del);
digitalWrite(e, HIGH);
digitalWrite(d, LOW);
delay(del);
pickDigit(2);
delay(del);
pickDigit(3);
delay(del);
pickDigit(4);
delay(del);
digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
digitalWrite(c, LOW);
delay(del);
digitalWrite(c, HIGH);
digitalWrite(g, LOW);
delay(del);
pickDigit(3);
delay(del);
pickDigit(2);
delay(del);
pickDigit(1);
delay(del);
digitalWrite(g, HIGH);
digitalWrite(f, LOW);
delay(del);
clearLEDs();
loopcount++;
}
}
void circles(int x)//设置圈状效果
{
loopcount = 0;
while (loopcount < x)
{
digitalWrite(a, LOW);
digitalWrite(b, LOW);
digitalWrite(f, LOW);
digitalWrite(g, LOW);
pickDigit(1);
delay(250);
digitalWrite(a, HIGH);
digitalWrite(b, HIGH);
digitalWrite(f, HIGH);
digitalWrite(c, LOW);
digitalWrite(d, LOW);
digitalWrite(e, LOW);
pickDigit(2);
delay(250);
digitalWrite(a, LOW);
digitalWrite(b, LOW);
digitalWrite(f, LOW);
digitalWrite(c, HIGH);
digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
digitalWrite(e, HIGH);
pickDigit(3);
delay(250);
digitalWrite(a, HIGH);
digitalWrite(b, HIGH);
digitalWrite(f, HIGH);
digitalWrite(c, LOW);
digitalWrite(d, LOW);
digitalWrite(e, LOW);
pickDigit(4);
delay(250);
clearLEDs();
loopcount++;
}
}
上面代码效果如下，为3种花样组成。
http://player.youku.com/player.php/sid/XMjkyMDU4OTc2/v.swf
再把下面代码复制下载到控制板中，看看效果。
//设置阴极接口
int a = 1;
int b = 2;
int c = 3;
int d = 4;
int e = 5;
int f = 6;
int g = 7;
int p = 8;
//设置阳极接口
int d4 = 9;
int d3 = 10;
int d2 = 11;
int d1 = 12;
//设置变量
long n = 0;
int x = 100;
int del = 55;//此处数值对时钟进行微调
void setup()
{
pinMode(d1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(d2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(d3, OUTPUT);
pinMode(d4, OUTPUT);
pinMode(a, OUTPUT);
pinMode(b, OUTPUT);
pinMode(c, OUTPUT);
pinMode(d, OUTPUT);
pinMode(e, OUTPUT);
pinMode(f, OUTPUT);
pinMode(g, OUTPUT);
pinMode(p, OUTPUT);
}
void loop()
{
clearLEDs();
pickDigit(1);
pickNumber((n/x/1000)%10);
delayMicroseconds(del);
clearLEDs();
pickDigit(2);
pickNumber((n/x/100)%10);
delayMicroseconds(del);
clearLEDs();
pickDigit(3);
dispDec(3);
pickNumber((n/x/10)%10);
delayMicroseconds(del);
clearLEDs();
pickDigit(4);
pickNumber(n/x%10);
delayMicroseconds(del);
n++;
if (digitalRead(13) == HIGH)
{
n = 0;
}
}
void pickDigit(int x)//定义pickDigit(x),其作用是开启dx端口
{
digitalWrite(d1, LOW);
digitalWrite(d2, LOW);
digitalWrite(d3, LOW);
digitalWrite(d4, LOW);
switch(x)
{
case 1:
digitalWrite(d1, HIGH);
break;
case 2:
digitalWrite(d2, HIGH);
break;
case 3:
digitalWrite(d3, HIGH);
break;
default:
digitalWrite(d4, HIGH);
break;
}
}
void pickNumber(int x) //定义pickNumber(x),其作用是显示数字x
{
switch(x)
{
default:
zero();
break;
case 1:
one();
break;
case 2:
two();
break;
case 3:
three();
break;
case 4:
four();
break;
case 5:
five();
break;
case 6:
six();
break;
case 7:
seven();
break;
case 8:
eight();
break;
case 9:
nine();
break;
}
}
void dispDec(int x)//设定开启小数点
{
digitalWrite(p, LOW);
}
void clearLEDs()//清屏
{
digitalWrite(a, HIGH);
digitalWrite(b, HIGH);
digitalWrite(c, HIGH);
digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
digitalWrite(e, HIGH);
digitalWrite(f, HIGH);
digitalWrite(g, HIGH);
digitalWrite(p, HIGH);
}
void zero()//定义数字0时阴极那些管脚开关
{
digitalWrite(a, LOW);
digitalWrite(b, LOW);
digitalWrite(c, LOW);
digitalWrite(d, LOW);
digitalWrite(e, LOW);
digitalWrite(f, LOW);
digitalWrite(g, HIGH);
}
void one()//定义数字1时阴极那些管脚开关
{
digitalWrite(a, HIGH);
digitalWrite(b, LOW);
digitalWrite(c, LOW);
digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
digitalWrite(e, HIGH);
digitalWrite(f, HIGH);
digitalWrite(g, HIGH);
}
void two()//定义数字2时阴极那些管脚开关
{
digitalWrite(a, LOW);
digitalWrite(b, LOW);
digitalWrite(c, HIGH);
digitalWrite(d, LOW);
digitalWrite(e, LOW);
digitalWrite(f, HIGH);
digitalWrite(g, LOW);
}
void three()//定义数字3时阴极那些管脚开关
{
digitalWrite(a, LOW);
digitalWrite(b, LOW);
digitalWrite(c, LOW);
digitalWrite(d, LOW);
digitalWrite(e, HIGH);
digitalWrite(f, HIGH);
digitalWrite(g, LOW);
}
void four()//定义数字4时阴极那些管脚开关
{
digitalWrite(a, HIGH);
digitalWrite(b, LOW);
digitalWrite(c, LOW);
digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
digitalWrite(e, HIGH);
digitalWrite(f, LOW);
digitalWrite(g, LOW);
}
void five()//定义数字5时阴极那些管脚开关
{
digitalWrite(a, LOW);
digitalWrite(b, HIGH);
digitalWrite(c, LOW);
digitalWrite(d, LOW);
digitalWrite(e, HIGH);
digitalWrite(f, LOW);
digitalWrite(g, LOW);
}
void six()//定义数字6时阴极那些管脚开关
{
digitalWrite(a, LOW);
digitalWrite(b, HIGH);
digitalWrite(c, LOW);
digitalWrite(d, LOW);
digitalWrite(e, LOW);
digitalWrite(f, LOW);
digitalWrite(g, LOW);
}
void seven()//定义数字7时阴极那些管脚开关
{
digitalWrite(a, LOW);
digitalWrite(b, LOW);
digitalWrite(c, LOW);
digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
digitalWrite(e, HIGH);
digitalWrite(f, HIGH);
digitalWrite(g, HIGH);
}
void eight()//定义数字8时阴极那些管脚开关
{
digitalWrite(a, LOW);
digitalWrite(b, LOW);
digitalWrite(c, LOW);
digitalWrite(d, LOW);
digitalWrite(e, LOW);
digitalWrite(f, LOW);
digitalWrite(g, LOW);
}
void nine()//定义数字9时阴极那些管脚开关
{
digitalWrite(a, LOW);
digitalWrite(b, LOW);
digitalWrite(c, LOW);
digitalWrite(d, LOW);
digitalWrite(e, HIGH);
digitalWrite(f, LOW);
digitalWrite(g, LOW);
}
下面的代码与上面的效果一样，但是使用了数组方法进行简写，大家对比一下看看哪里不易一样。//设置阴极接口
int a = 1;
int b = 2;
int c = 3;
int d = 4;
int e = 5;
int f = 6;
int g = 7;
int p = 8;
//设置阳极接口
int d4 = 9;
int d3 = 10;
int d2 = 11;
int d1 = 12;
//设置变量
long n = 0;
int x = 100;
int del = 55;//此处数值对时钟进行微调
byte segs = { a, b, c, d, e, f, g };
byte seven_seg_digits = { { 0,0,0,0,0,0,1 },// = 0
{ 1,0,0,1,1,1,1 },// = 1
{ 0,0,1,0,0,1,0 },// = 2
{ 0,0,0,0,1,1,0 },// = 3
{ 1,0,0,1,1,0,0 },// = 4
{ 0,1,0,0,1,0,0 },// = 5
{ 0,1,0,0,0,0,0 },// = 6
{ 0,0,0,1,1,1,1 },// = 7
{ 0,0,0,0,0,0,0 },// = 8
{ 0,0,0,0,1,0,0 } // = 9
};
void setup()
{
pinMode(d1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(d2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(d3, OUTPUT);
pinMode(d4, OUTPUT);
pinMode(a, OUTPUT);
pinMode(b, OUTPUT);
pinMode(c, OUTPUT);
pinMode(d, OUTPUT);
pinMode(e, OUTPUT);
pinMode(f, OUTPUT);
pinMode(g, OUTPUT);
pinMode(p, OUTPUT);
}
void loop()
{
clearLEDs();
pickDigit(1);
lightSegments((n/x/1000)%10);
delayMicroseconds(del);
clearLEDs();
pickDigit(2);
lightSegments((n/x/100)%10);
delayMicroseconds(del);
clearLEDs();
pickDigit(3);
dispDec(3);
lightSegments((n/x/10)%10);
delayMicroseconds(del);
clearLEDs();
pickDigit(4);
lightSegments(n/x%10);
delayMicroseconds(del);
n++;
if (digitalRead(13) == HIGH)
{
n = 0;
}
}
void pickDigit(int x)//定义pickDigit(x),其作用是开启dx端口
{
digitalWrite(d1, LOW);
digitalWrite(d2, LOW);
digitalWrite(d3, LOW);
digitalWrite(d4, LOW);
switch(x)
{
case 1:
digitalWrite(d1, HIGH);
break;
case 2:
digitalWrite(d2, HIGH);
break;
case 3:
digitalWrite(d3, HIGH);
break;
default:
digitalWrite(d4, HIGH);
break;
}
}
void dispDec(int x)//设定开启小数点
{
digitalWrite(p, LOW);
}
void clearLEDs()//清屏
{
digitalWrite(a, HIGH);
digitalWrite(b, HIGH);
digitalWrite(c, HIGH);
digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
digitalWrite(e, HIGH);
digitalWrite(f, HIGH);
digitalWrite(g, HIGH);
digitalWrite(p, HIGH);
}
// 点亮对应数字的数码管
void lightSegments(int x) {
for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
digitalWrite(segs, seven_seg_digits);
}
}
此代码为简易的秒表，效果如下，精准度不是很高，需要大家微调参数。
http://player.youku.com/player.php/sid/XMjkyMDU4OTgw/v.swf 关注中:lol:lol 本帖最后由 悠然小调 于 2011-8-8 21:11 编辑
n/x/1000)%10这没看懂，开始时n=0
把最后一个程序缩一下，不知道是否正确。//设置变量
long n = 0;
int x = 100;
int del = 55;//此处数值对时钟进行微调
Byte pin={12,11,10,9} //设置阳极接口:d1接12; d2接11; d3接10; d4接9
byte segs = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ,6, 7 }; //设置阴极接口:a接 1; b接 2; c 接 3; d 接 4; e接 5; f接 6; g接 7; p 接 8;
byte seven_seg_digits = { { 0,0,0,0,0,0,1 },// = 0
{ 1,0,0,1,1,1,1 },// = 1
{ 0,0,1,0,0,1,0 },// = 2
{ 0,0,0,0,1,1,0 },// = 3
{ 1,0,0,1,1,0,0 },// = 4
{ 0,1,0,0,1,0,0 },// = 5
{ 0,1,0,0,0,0,0 },// = 6
{ 0,0,0,1,1,1,1 },// = 7
{ 0,0,0,0,0,0,0 },// = 8
{ 0,0,0,0,1,0,0 } // = 9
};
void setup()
{for(int i=1,i<12,i++)
{pinMode(i, OUTPUT); }
}
void loop()
{
int shu;
for (int k=0,k<3,k++)
{
clearLEDs();
digitalWrite(pin,HIGH);
shu=n/k%10;
for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++)
{
digitalWrite(segs, seven_seg_digits );
if (k==2)
{ digitalWrite(p, LOW); }
}
delayMicroseconds(del);
}
n++;
if (digitalRead(13) == HIGH)
{n = 0;}
}
void clearLEDs()//清屏
{
for (int j=1,j<12,j++)
{
digitalWrite( j, HIGH);
}
} :D 嘿嘿嘿嘿 我的数码管没有说明书，几个脚还没分清:dizzy: 用万用表量量 呵呵，用arduino这样玩数码管，真的很神！赞一下！ 弘毅,你太耐亲了！你都可以出书了！ 跟2楼一样，我也没看懂(n/x/1000)%10 我终于知道了，数码管在同一时刻4位只能显示同一数字，即1111、2222……，如果要显示1324，就要
①先关第2~4位，第1位显示“1”，延时。
①先关第1、3、4位，第2位显示“3”，延时。
①先关第1、2、4位，第3位显示“2”，延时。
①先关第1~3位，第4位显示“4”，延时。
调节延时的时间，让人眼分辨不出它在闪烁。
我的理解对吗？斑竹 用analogwrite不就可以去掉电阻吗 悠然小调 发表于 2011-8-8 16:45 static/image/common/back.gif
n/x/1000)%10这没看懂，开始时n=0
求解，这句的意思看懂没有呢 斑竹啊，数字脚一般的0 1不是不用做输出的吗，这次怎么用了 hk386 发表于 2012-10-8 17:40 static/image/common/back.gif
斑竹啊，数字脚一般的0 1不是不用做输出的吗，这次怎么用了
额。。。当年不知道模拟口可以当数字口用。。。端口不够用，所以就都用了。其实。。可以用A0,A1等。。。