求一个RFID的arduino读写程序

蒂娜·帅 · 发表于 2013-5-14 09:15:31

求一个RFID的arduino读写程序，求高人指点。谢谢~~

蒂娜·帅 · 发表于 2013-5-14 11:41:06

wing 发表于 2013-5-14 09:40
很宽广的课题

我用的arduino MEGA2560。想实现一个对射频卡的读写功能，就差arduino的程序了。

wing · 发表于 2013-5-14 09:40:15

很宽广的课题

wing · 发表于 2013-5-14 12:44:44

蒂娜·帅发表于 2013-5-14 11:41
我用的arduino MEGA2560。想实现一个对射频卡的读写功能，就差arduino的程序了。

比较难理解 “就差arduino的程序了” 是什么意思。
如果你已经有模块了，只需向提供方要代码就行了，你什么都不缺

蒂娜·帅 · 发表于 2013-5-14 12:56:10

wing 发表于 2013-5-14 12:44
比较难理解 “就差arduino的程序了” 是什么意思。
如果你已经有模块了，只需向提供方要代码就行了，你什 ...

arduino通过RC522对IC卡进行读写的程序

蒂娜·帅 · 发表于 2013-5-14 12:58:41

//RFID test by Thomas 2012.05.07
int incomingByte = 0;       // for incoming serial data
const int ENPin = 2;    // the number of the EN pin
int ENState = 1;  //default EN state was HIGH

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);       // opens serial port, sets data rate to 9600 bps
  pinMode(ENPin, INPUT);
}

void loop() {

  // read the state of the EN value:
  ENState = digitalRead(ENPin);

  // check if the EN is LOW,the output the data.
  if (ENState == LOW&&Serial.available() > 0) {
// read the incoming byte:
incomingByte = Serial.read();
// say what you got:
Serial.print("I received: ");
Serial.println(incomingByte, DEC);
  }

}
这是找到的读取rfid的，我想要一个能读能写的，谢谢高手们

wing · 发表于 2013-5-14 13:06:55

本帖最后由 wing 于 2013-5-14 13:16 编辑

522还算大路货，虽然效果一般，但也算对得起他的价格。类似的程序其实很多，下面程序来自某位大神（忘记名字了）1.#include <SPI.h>

2.

3.#define uchar unsigned char

4.#define uint unsigned int

5.

6.//data array maxium length

7.#define MAX_LEN 16

8.

9./////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

10.//set the pin

11./////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

12.const int chipSelectPin = 10;

13.const int NRSTPD = 5;

14.

15.

16.

17.//MF522 command bits

18.#define PCD_IDLE 0x00 //NO action; cancel current commands

19.#define PCD_AUTHENT 0x0E //verify password key

20.#define PCD_RECEIVE 0x08 //receive data

21.#define PCD_TRANSMIT 0x04 //send data

22.#define PCD_TRANSCEIVE 0x0C //send and receive data

23.#define PCD_RESETPHASE 0x0F //reset

24.#define PCD_CALCCRC 0x03 //CRC check and caculation

25.

26.//Mifare_One card command bits

27.#define PICC_REQIDL 0x26 //Search the cards that not into sleep mode in the antenna area

28.#define PICC_REQALL 0x52 //Search all the cards in the antenna area

29.#define PICC_ANTICOLL 0x93 //prevent conflict

30.#define PICC_SElECTTAG 0x93 //select card

31.#define PICC_AUTHENT1A 0x60 //verify A password key

32.#define PICC_AUTHENT1B 0x61 //verify B password key

33.#define PICC_READ 0x30 //read

34.#define PICC_WRITE 0xA0 //write

35.#define PICC_DECREMENT 0xC0 //deduct value

36.#define PICC_INCREMENT 0xC1 //charge up value

37.#define PICC_RESTORE 0xC2 //Restore data into buffer

38.#define PICC_TRANSFER 0xB0 //Save data into buffer

39.#define PICC_HALT 0x50 //sleep mode

40.

41.

42.//THe mistake code that return when communicate with MF522

43.#define MI_OK 0

44.#define MI_NOTAGERR 1

45.#define MI_ERR 2

46.

47.

48.//------------------MFRC522 register ---------------

49.//Page 0:Command and Status

50.#define Reserved00 0x00

51.#define CommandReg 0x01

52.#define CommIEnReg 0x02

53.#define DivlEnReg 0x03

54.#define CommIrqReg 0x04

55.#define DivIrqReg 0x05

56.#define ErrorReg 0x06

57.#define Status1Reg 0x07

58.#define Status2Reg 0x08

59.#define FIFODataReg 0x09

60.#define FIFOLevelReg 0x0A

61.#define WaterLevelReg 0x0B

62.#define ControlReg 0x0C

63.#define BitFramingReg 0x0D

64.#define CollReg 0x0E

65.#define Reserved01 0x0F

66.//Page 1:Command

67.#define Reserved10 0x10

68.#define ModeReg 0x11

69.#define TxModeReg 0x12

70.#define RxModeReg 0x13

71.#define TxControlReg 0x14

72.#define TxAutoReg 0x15

73.#define TxSelReg 0x16

74.#define RxSelReg 0x17

75.#define RxThresholdReg 0x18

76.#define DemodReg 0x19

77.#define Reserved11 0x1A

78.#define Reserved12 0x1B

79.#define MifareReg 0x1C

80.#define Reserved13 0x1D

81.#define Reserved14 0x1E

82.#define SerialSpeedReg 0x1F

83.//Page 2:CFG

84.#define Reserved20 0x20

85.#define CRCResultRegM 0x21

86.#define CRCResultRegL 0x22

87.#define Reserved21 0x23

88.#define ModWidthReg 0x24

89.#define Reserved22 0x25

90.#define RFCfgReg 0x26

91.#define GsNReg 0x27

92.#define CWGsPReg 0x28

93.#define ModGsPReg 0x29

94.#define TModeReg 0x2A

95.#define TPrescalerReg 0x2B

96.#define TReloadRegH 0x2C

97.#define TReloadRegL 0x2D

98.#define TCounterValueRegH 0x2E

99.#define TCounterValueRegL 0x2F

100.//Page 3:TestRegister

101.#define Reserved30 0x30

102.#define TestSel1Reg 0x31

103.#define TestSel2Reg 0x32

104.#define TestPinEnReg 0x33

105.#define TestPinValueReg 0x34

106.#define TestBusReg 0x35

107.#define AutoTestReg 0x36

108.#define VersionReg 0x37

109.#define AnalogTestReg 0x38

110.#define TestDAC1Reg 0x39

111.#define TestDAC2Reg 0x3A

112.#define TestADCReg 0x3B

113.#define Reserved31 0x3C

114.#define Reserved32 0x3D

115.#define Reserved33 0x3E

116.#define Reserved34 0x3F

117.//-----------------------------------------------

118.

119.//4 bytes Serial number of card, the 5 bytes is verfiy bytes

120.uchar serNum[5];

121.

122.

123.void setup()

124.{

125. Serial.begin(57600);

126.

127. SPI.begin();

128.

129. pinMode(chipSelectPin,OUTPUT); // Set digital pin 10 as OUTPUT to connect it to the RFID /ENABLE pin

130. digitalWrite(chipSelectPin, LOW); // Activate the RFID reader

131. pinMode(NRSTPD,OUTPUT); // Set digital pin 5 , Not Reset and Power-down

132.

133. MFRC522_Init();

134.}

135.

136.

137.void loop()

138.{

139.

140. uchar status;

141. uchar str[MAX_LEN];

142.

143.

144. // Search card, return card types

145. status = MFRC522_Request(PICC_REQIDL, str);

146. if (status != MI_OK)

147. {

148.       return;

149. }

150.

151.

152. // Show card type

153. ShowCardType(str);

154.

155. //Prevent conflict, return the 4 bytes Serial number of the card

156. status = MFRC522_Anticoll(str);

157.

158. // str[0..3]: serial number of the card

159. // str[4]: XOR checksum of the SN.

160. if (status == MI_OK)

161. {

162.       Serial.print("The card's number is: ");

163.       memcpy(serNum, str, 5);

164.       ShowCardID(serNum);

165.

166.       // Check people associated with card ID

167.       uchar* id = serNum;

168.       if( id[0]==0x4B && id[1]==0xE6 && id[2]==0xD1 && id[3]==0x3B ) {

169.          Serial.println("Hello Mary!");

170.       } else if(id[0]==0x3B && id[1]==0xE6 && id[2]==0xD1 && id[3]==0x3B) {

171.          Serial.println("Hello Greg!");

172.       }else{

173.          Serial.println("Hello unkown guy!");

174.       }

175. }

176.

177.

178. MFRC522_Halt(); //command the card into sleep mode

179.

180. delay(200);

181.}

182.

183./*

184. * Function：ShowCardID

185. * Description：Show Card ID

186. * Input parameter：ID string

187. * Return：Null

188. */

189.void ShowCardID(uchar *id)

190.{

191. int IDlen=4;

192. for(int i=0; i<IDlen; i++){

193.       Serial.print(0x0F & (id>>4), HEX);

194.       Serial.print(0x0F & id,HEX);

195. }

196. Serial.println("");

197.}

198.

199./*

200. * Function：ShowCardType

201. * Description：Show Card type

202. * Input parameter：Type string

203. * Return：Null

204. */

205.void ShowCardType(uchar* type)

206.{

207. Serial.print("Card type: ");

208. if(type[0]==0x04&&type[1]==0x00)

209.       Serial.println("MFOne-S50");

210. else if(type[0]==0x02&&type[1]==0x00)

211.       Serial.println("MFOne-S70");

212. else if(type[0]==0x44&&type[1]==0x00)

213.       Serial.println("MF-UltraLight");

214. else if(type[0]==0x08&&type[1]==0x00)

215.       Serial.println("MF-Pro");

216. else if(type[0]==0x44&&type[1]==0x03)

217.       Serial.println("MF Desire");

218. else

219.       Serial.println("Unknown");

220.}

221.

222./*

223. * Function：Write_MFRC5200

224. * Description：write a byte data into one register of MR RC522

225. * Input parameter：addr--register address；val--the value that need to write in

226. * Return：Null

227. */

228.void Write_MFRC522(uchar addr, uchar val)

229.{

230. digitalWrite(chipSelectPin, LOW);

231.

232. //address format：0XXXXXX0

233. SPI.transfer((addr<<1)&0x7E);

234. SPI.transfer(val);

235.

236. digitalWrite(chipSelectPin, HIGH);

237.}

238.

239.

240./*

241. * Function：Read_MFRC522

242. * Description：read a byte data into one register of MR RC522

243. * Input parameter：addr--register address

244. * Return：return the read value

245. */

246.uchar Read_MFRC522(uchar addr)

247.{

248. uchar val;

249.

250. digitalWrite(chipSelectPin, LOW);

251.

252. //address format：1XXXXXX0

253. SPI.transfer(((addr<<1)&0x7E) | 0x80);

254. val =SPI.transfer(0x00);

255.

256. digitalWrite(chipSelectPin, HIGH);

257.

258. return val;

259.}

260.

261./*

262. * Function：SetBitMask

263. * Description：set RC522 register bit

264. * Input parameter：reg--register address;mask--value

265. * Return：null

266. */

267.void SetBitMask(uchar reg, uchar mask)

268.{

269. uchar tmp;

270. tmp = Read_MFRC522(reg);

271. Write_MFRC522(reg, tmp | mask); // set bit mask

272.}

273.

274.

275./*

276. * Function：ClearBitMask

277. * Description：clear RC522 register bit

278. * Input parameter：reg--register address;mask--value

279. * Return：null

280. */

281.void ClearBitMask(uchar reg, uchar mask)

282.{

283. uchar tmp;

284. tmp = Read_MFRC522(reg);

285. Write_MFRC522(reg, tmp & (~mask)); // clear bit mask

286.}

287.

288.

289./*

290. * Function：AntennaOn

291. * Description：Turn on antenna, every time turn on or shut down antenna need at least 1ms delay

292. * Input parameter：null

293. * Return：null

294. */

295.void AntennaOn(void)

296.{

297. uchar temp;

298.

299. temp = Read_MFRC522(TxControlReg);

300. if (!(temp & 0x03))

301. {

302.       SetBitMask(TxControlReg, 0x03);

303. }

304.}

305.

306.

307./*

308. * Function：AntennaOff

309. * Description：Turn off antenna, every time turn on or shut down antenna need at least 1ms delay

310. * Input parameter：null

311. * Return：null

312. */

313.void AntennaOff(void)

314.{

315. ClearBitMask(TxControlReg, 0x03);

316.}

317.

318.

319./*

320. * Function：ResetMFRC522

321. * Description： reset RC522

322. * Input parameter：null

323. * Return：null

324. */

325.void MFRC522_Reset(void)

326.{

327. Write_MFRC522(CommandReg, PCD_RESETPHASE);

328.}

329.

330.

331./*

332. * Function：InitMFRC522

333. * Description：initilize RC522

334. * Input parameter：null

335. * Return：null

336. */

337.void MFRC522_Init(void)

338.{

339. digitalWrite(NRSTPD,HIGH);

340.

341. MFRC522_Reset();

342.

343. //Timer: TPrescaler*TreloadVal/6.78MHz = 24ms

344. Write_MFRC522(TModeReg, 0x8D); //Tauto=1; f(Timer) = 6.78MHz/TPreScaler

345. Write_MFRC522(TPrescalerReg, 0x3E); //TModeReg[3..0] + TPrescalerReg

346. Write_MFRC522(TReloadRegL, 30);

347. Write_MFRC522(TReloadRegH, 0);

348.

349. Write_MFRC522(TxAutoReg, 0x40); //100%ASK

350. Write_MFRC522(ModeReg, 0x3D); //CRC initilizate value 0x6363 ???

351.

352. //ClearBitMask(Status2Reg, 0x08); //MFCrypto1On=0

353. //Write_MFRC522(RxSelReg, 0x86); //RxWait = RxSelReg[5..0]

354. //Write_MFRC522(RFCfgReg, 0x7F); //RxGain = 48dB

355.

356. AntennaOn(); //turn on antenna

357.}

358.

359.

360./*

361. * Function：MFRC522_Request

362. * Description：Searching card, read card type

363. * Input parameter：reqMode--search methods，

364. * TagType--return card types

365. * 0x4400 = Mifare_UltraLight

366. * 0x0400 = Mifare_One(S50)

367. * 0x0200 = Mifare_One(S70)

368. * 0x0800 = Mifare_Pro(X)

369. * 0x4403 = Mifare_DESFire

370. * return：return MI_OK if successed

371. */

372.uchar MFRC522_Request(uchar reqMode, uchar *TagType)

373.{

374. uchar status;

375. uint backBits; //the data bits that received

376.

377. Write_MFRC522(BitFramingReg, 0x07); //TxLastBists = BitFramingReg[2..0] ???

378.

379. TagType[0] = reqMode;

380. status = MFRC522_ToCard(PCD_TRANSCEIVE, TagType, 1, TagType, &backBits);

381.

382. if ((status != MI_OK) || (backBits != 0x10))

383. {

384.       status = MI_ERR;

385. }

386.

387. return status;

388.}

389.

390.

391./*

392. * Function：MFRC522_ToCard

393. * Description：communicate between RC522 and ISO14443

394. * Input parameter：command--MF522 command bits

395. * sendData--send data to card via rc522

396. * sendLen--send data length

397. * backData--the return data from card

398. * backLen--the length of return data

399. * return：return MI_OK if successed

400. */

401.uchar MFRC522_ToCard(uchar command, uchar *sendData, uchar sendLen, uchar *backData, uint *backLen)

402.{

403. uchar status = MI_ERR;

404. uchar irqEn = 0x00;

405. uchar waitIRq = 0x00;

406. uchar lastBits;

407. uchar n;

408. uint i;

409.

410. switch (command)

411. {

412.       case PCD_AUTHENT: //verify card password

413.       {

414.          irqEn = 0x12;

415.          waitIRq = 0x10;

416.          break;

417.       }

418.       case PCD_TRANSCEIVE: //send data in the FIFO

419.       {

420.          irqEn = 0x77;

421.          waitIRq = 0x30;

422.          break;

423.       }

424.       default:

425.          break;

426. }

427.

428. Write_MFRC522(CommIEnReg, irqEn|0x80); //Allow interruption

429. ClearBitMask(CommIrqReg, 0x80); //Clear all the interrupt bits

430. SetBitMask(FIFOLevelReg, 0x80); //FlushBuffer=1, FIFO initilizate

431.

432. Write_MFRC522(CommandReg, PCD_IDLE); //NO action;cancel current command ???

433.

434. //write data into FIFO

435. for (i=0; i<sendLen; i++)

436. {

437.       Write_MFRC522(FIFODataReg, sendData);

438. }

439.

440. //procceed it

441. Write_MFRC522(CommandReg, command);

442. if (command == PCD_TRANSCEIVE)

443. {

444.       SetBitMask(BitFramingReg, 0x80); //StartSend=1,transmission of data starts

445. }

446.

447. //waite receive data is finished

448. i = 2000; //i should adjust according the clock, the maxium the waiting time should be 25 ms???

449. do

450. {

451.       //CommIrqReg[7..0]

452.       //Set1 TxIRq RxIRq IdleIRq HiAlerIRq LoAlertIRq ErrIRq TimerIRq

453.       n = Read_MFRC522(CommIrqReg);

454.       i--;

455. }

456. while ((i!=0) && !(n&0x01) && !(n&waitIRq));

457.

458. ClearBitMask(BitFramingReg, 0x80); //StartSend=0

459.

460. if (i != 0)

461. {

462.       if(!(Read_MFRC522(ErrorReg) & 0x1B)) //BufferOvfl Collerr CRCErr ProtecolErr

463.       {

464.          status = MI_OK;

465.          if (n & irqEn & 0x01)

466.          {

467.             status = MI_NOTAGERR; //??

468.          }

469.

470.          if (command == PCD_TRANSCEIVE)

471.          {

472.             n = Read_MFRC522(FIFOLevelReg);

473.             lastBits = Read_MFRC522(ControlReg) & 0x07;

474.             if (lastBits)

475.             {

476.                   *backLen = (n-1)*8 + lastBits;

477.             }

478.             else

479.             {

480.                   *backLen = n*8;

481.             }

482.

483.             if (n == 0)

484.             {

485.                   n = 1;

486.             }

487.             if (n > MAX_LEN)

488.             {

489.                   n = MAX_LEN;

490.             }

491.

492.             //read the data from FIFO

493.             for (i=0; i<n; i++)

494.             {

495.                   backData = Read_MFRC522(FIFODataReg);

496.             }

497.          }

498.       }

499.       else

500.       {

501.          status = MI_ERR;

502.       }

503.

504. }

505.

506. //SetBitMask(ControlReg,0x80); //timer stops

507. //Write_MFRC522(CommandReg, PCD_IDLE);

508.

509. return status;

510.}

511.

512.

513./*

514. * Function：MFRC522_Anticoll

515. * Description：Prevent conflict, read the card serial number

516. * Input parameter：serNum--return the 4 bytes card serial number, the 5th byte is recheck byte

517. * return：return MI_OK if successed

518. */

519.uchar MFRC522_Anticoll(uchar *serNum)

520.{

521. uchar status;

522. uchar i;

523. uchar serNumCheck=0;

524. uint unLen;

525.

526. //ClearBitMask(Status2Reg, 0x08); //strSensclear

527. //ClearBitMask(CollReg,0x80); //ValuesAfterColl

528. Write_MFRC522(BitFramingReg, 0x00); //TxLastBists = BitFramingReg[2..0]

529.

530. serNum[0] = PICC_ANTICOLL;

531. serNum[1] = 0x20;

532. status = MFRC522_ToCard(PCD_TRANSCEIVE, serNum, 2, serNum, &unLen);

533.

534. if (status == MI_OK)

535. {

536.       //Verify card serial number

537.       for (i=0; i<4; i++)

538.       {

539.          serNumCheck ^= serNum;

540.       }

541.       if (serNumCheck != serNum)

542.       {

543.          status = MI_ERR;

544.       }

545. }

546.

547. //SetBitMask(CollReg, 0x80); //ValuesAfterColl=1

548.

549. return status;

550.}

551.

552.

553./*

554. * Function：CalulateCRC

555. * Description：Use MF522 to caculate CRC

556. * Input parameter：pIndata--the CRC data need to be read，len--data length，pOutData-- the caculated result of CRC

557. * return：Null

558. */

559.void CalulateCRC(uchar *pIndata, uchar len, uchar *pOutData)

560.{

561. uchar i, n;

562.

563. ClearBitMask(DivIrqReg, 0x04); //CRCIrq = 0

564. SetBitMask(FIFOLevelReg, 0x80); //Clear FIFO pointer

565. //Write_MFRC522(CommandReg, PCD_IDLE);

566.

567. //Write data into FIFO

568. for (i=0; i<len; i++)

569. {

570.       Write_MFRC522(FIFODataReg, *(pIndata+i));

571. }

572. Write_MFRC522(CommandReg, PCD_CALCCRC);

573.

574. //waite CRC caculation to finish

575. i = 0xFF;

576. do

577. {

578.       n = Read_MFRC522(DivIrqReg);

579.       i--;

580. }

581. while ((i!=0) && !(n&0x04)); //CRCIrq = 1

582.

583. //read CRC caculation result

584. pOutData[0] = Read_MFRC522(CRCResultRegL);

585. pOutData[1] = Read_MFRC522(CRCResultRegM);

586.}

587.

588.

589.

590./*

591. * Function：MFRC522_Write

592. * Description：write block data

593. * Input parameters：blockAddr--block address;writeData--Write 16 bytes data into block

594. * return：return MI_OK if successed

595. */

596.uchar MFRC522_Write(uchar blockAddr, uchar *writeData)

597.{

598. uchar status;

599. uint recvBits;

600. uchar i;

601. uchar buff[18];

602.

603. buff[0] = PICC_WRITE;

604. buff[1] = blockAddr;

605. CalulateCRC(buff, 2, &buff[2]);

606. status = MFRC522_ToCard(PCD_TRANSCEIVE, buff, 4, buff, &recvBits);

607.

608. if ((status != MI_OK) || (recvBits != 4) || ((buff[0] & 0x0F) != 0x0A))

609. {

610.       status = MI_ERR;

611. }

612.

613. if (status == MI_OK)

614. {

615.       for (i=0; i<16; i++) //Write 16 bytes data into FIFO

616.       {

617.          buff = *(writeData+i);

618.       }

619.       CalulateCRC(buff, 16, &buff[16]);

620.       status = MFRC522_ToCard(PCD_TRANSCEIVE, buff, 18, buff, &recvBits);

621.

622.       if ((status != MI_OK) || (recvBits != 4) || ((buff[0] & 0x0F) != 0x0A))

623.       {

624.          status = MI_ERR;

625.       }

626. }

627.

628. return status;

629.}

630.

631.

632./*

633. * Function：MFRC522_Halt

634. * Description：Command the cards into sleep mode

635. * Input parameters：null

636. * return：null

637. */

638.void MFRC522_Halt(void)

639.{

640. uchar status;

641. uint unLen;

642. uchar buff[4];

643.

644. buff[0] = PICC_HALT;

645. buff[1] = 0;

646. CalulateCRC(buff, 2, &buff[2]);

647.

648. status = MFRC522_ToCard(PCD_TRANSCEIVE, buff, 4, buff,&unLen);

649.}

蒂娜·帅 · 发表于 2013-5-14 13:28:20

wing 发表于 2013-5-14 13:06
522还算大路货，虽然效果一般，但也算对得起他的价格。类似的程序其实很多，下面程序来自某位大神（忘记名字 ...

我想实现的是采用MFRC522射频读写模块在Arduino单片机的控制下实现对Mifare卡的读写访问操作。

p857211 · 发表于 2013-5-14 18:27:02

/*
* 文件名：RFID.pde
* 修改者：腾博科技有限公司
* 淘宝店网址 : http://shop68507353.taobao.com/
* 功能描述：Mifare1 寻卡→防冲突→选卡→读写接口
*/

// the sensor communicates using SPI, so include the library:
#include <SPI.h>

#define uchar unsigned char
#define uint unsigned int

//数组最大长度
#define MAX_LEN 16

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//set the pin
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
const int chipSelectPin = 10;//如果控制板为UNO,328,168
const int chipSelectPin = 53; //如果控制板为mega 2560,1280
const int NRSTPD = 5;

//MF522命令字
#define PCD_IDLE             0x00             //NO action;取消当前命令
#define PCD_AUTHENT          0x0E             //验证密钥
#define PCD_RECEIVE          0x08             //接收数据
#define PCD_TRANSMIT       0x04             //发送数据
#define PCD_TRANSCEIVE       0x0C             //发送并接收数据
#define PCD_RESETPHASE       0x0F             //复位
#define PCD_CALCCRC          0x03             //CRC计算

//Mifare_One卡片命令字
#define PICC_REQIDL          0x26             //寻天线区内未进入休眠状态
#define PICC_REQALL          0x52             //寻天线区内全部卡
#define PICC_ANTICOLL       0x93             //防冲撞
#define PICC_SElECTTAG       0x93             //选卡
#define PICC_AUTHENT1A       0x60             //验证A密钥
#define PICC_AUTHENT1B       0x61             //验证B密钥
#define PICC_READ          0x30             //读块
#define PICC_WRITE          0xA0             //写块
#define PICC_DECREMENT       0xC0
#define PICC_INCREMENT       0xC1
#define PICC_RESTORE       0xC2             //调块数据到缓冲区
#define PICC_TRANSFER       0xB0             //保存缓冲区中数据
#define PICC_HALT          0x50             //休眠

//和MF522通讯时返回的错误代码
#define MI_OK                0
#define MI_NOTAGERR          1
#define MI_ERR             2

//------------------MFRC522寄存器---------------
//Page 0:Command and Status
#define    Reserved00          0x00
#define    CommandReg          0x01
#define    CommIEnReg          0x02
#define    DivlEnReg          0x03
#define    CommIrqReg          0x04
#define    DivIrqReg          0x05
#define    ErrorReg             0x06
#define    Status1Reg          0x07
#define    Status2Reg          0x08
#define    FIFODataReg          0x09
#define    FIFOLevelReg       0x0A
#define    WaterLevelReg       0x0B
#define    ControlReg          0x0C
#define    BitFramingReg       0x0D
#define    CollReg             0x0E
#define    Reserved01          0x0F
//Page 1:Command
#define    Reserved10          0x10
#define    ModeReg             0x11
#define    TxModeReg          0x12
#define    RxModeReg          0x13
#define    TxControlReg       0x14
#define    TxAutoReg          0x15
#define    TxSelReg             0x16
#define    RxSelReg             0x17
#define    RxThresholdReg       0x18
#define    DemodReg             0x19
#define    Reserved11          0x1A
#define    Reserved12          0x1B
#define    MifareReg          0x1C
#define    Reserved13          0x1D
#define    Reserved14          0x1E
#define    SerialSpeedReg       0x1F
//Page 2:CFG
#define    Reserved20          0x20
#define    CRCResultRegM       0x21
#define    CRCResultRegL       0x22
#define    Reserved21          0x23
#define    ModWidthReg          0x24
#define    Reserved22          0x25
#define    RFCfgReg             0x26
#define    GsNReg             0x27
#define    CWGsPReg             0x28
#define    ModGsPReg          0x29
#define    TModeReg             0x2A
#define    TPrescalerReg       0x2B
#define    TReloadRegH          0x2C
#define    TReloadRegL          0x2D
#define    TCounterValueRegH    0x2E
#define    TCounterValueRegL    0x2F
//Page 3:TestRegister
#define    Reserved30          0x30
#define    TestSel1Reg          0x31
#define    TestSel2Reg          0x32
#define    TestPinEnReg       0x33
#define    TestPinValueReg    0x34
#define    TestBusReg          0x35
#define    AutoTestReg          0x36
#define    VersionReg          0x37
#define    AnalogTestReg       0x38
#define    TestDAC1Reg          0x39
#define    TestDAC2Reg          0x3A
#define    TestADCReg          0x3B
#define    Reserved31          0x3C
#define    Reserved32          0x3D
#define    Reserved33          0x3E
#define    Reserved34    0x3F
//-----------------------------------------------

//4字节卡序列号，第5字节为校验字节
uchar serNum[5];
uchar  writeDate[16] ={'T', 'e', 'n', 'g', ' ', 'B', 'o', 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,0};
//扇区A密码，16个扇区，每个扇区密码6Byte
uchar sectorKeyA[16][16] = {{0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF},
                           {0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF},
                           {0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF},
                        };
uchar sectorNewKeyA[16][16] = {{0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF},
                              {0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xff,0x07,0x80,0x69, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF},
                              {0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xff,0x07,0x80,0x69, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF},
                           };

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);                      // RFID reader SOUT pin connected to Serial RX pin at 2400bps
// start the SPI library:
  SPI.begin();

  pinMode(chipSelectPin,OUTPUT);          // Set digital pin 10 as OUTPUT to connect it to the RFID /ENABLE pin
digitalWrite(chipSelectPin, LOW);       // Activate the RFID reader
  pinMode(NRSTPD,OUTPUT);             // Set digital pin 10 , Not Reset and Power-down
digitalWrite(NRSTPD, HIGH);

  MFRC522_Init();
}

void loop()
{
    uchar i,tmp;
uchar status;
      uchar str[MAX_LEN];
      uchar RC_size;
      uchar blockAddr; //选择操作的块地址0～63

//寻卡，返回卡类型
status = MFRC522_Request(PICC_REQIDL, str);
if (status == MI_OK)
{
}

//防冲撞，返回卡的序列号 4字节
status = MFRC522_Anticoll(str);
memcpy(serNum, str, 5);
if (status == MI_OK)
{
                     Serial.println("The card's number is  : ");
Serial.print(serNum[0],BIN);
Serial.print(serNum[1],BIN);
Serial.print(serNum[2],BIN);
Serial.print(serNum[3],BIN);
Serial.print(serNum[4],BIN);
                     Serial.println(" ");
}

//选卡，返回卡容量
RC_size = MFRC522_SelectTag(serNum);
if (RC_size != 0)
{}

//写数据卡
blockAddr = 7; //数据块7
status = MFRC522_Auth(PICC_AUTHENT1A, blockAddr, sectorKeyA[blockAddr/4], serNum); //认证
if (status == MI_OK)
{
//写数据
status = MFRC522_Write(blockAddr, sectorNewKeyA[blockAddr/4]);
                     Serial.print("set the new card password, and can modify the data of the Sector: ");
                     Serial.print(blockAddr/4,DEC);

                     //写数据
                     blockAddr = blockAddr - 3 ;
                     status = MFRC522_Write(blockAddr, writeDate);
                     if(status == MI_OK)
                     {
                        Serial.println("OK!");
                     }
}

//读卡
blockAddr = 7; //数据块7
status = MFRC522_Auth(PICC_AUTHENT1A, blockAddr, sectorNewKeyA[blockAddr/4], serNum); //认证
if (status == MI_OK)
{
//读数据
                     blockAddr = blockAddr - 3 ;
                     status = MFRC522_Read(blockAddr, str);
if (status == MI_OK)
{
                              Serial.println("Read from the card ,the data is : ");
for (i=0; i<16; i++)
{
                    Serial.print(str);
}
                              Serial.println(" ");
}
}
            Serial.println(" ");
MFRC522_Halt(); //命令卡片进入休眠状态

}

/*
* 函数名：Write_MFRC5200
* 功能描述：向MFRC522的某一寄存器写一个字节数据
* 输入参数：addr--寄存器地址；val--要写入的值
* 返回值：无
*/
void Write_MFRC522(uchar addr, uchar val)
{
digitalWrite(chipSelectPin, LOW);

//地址格式：0XXXXXX0
SPI.transfer((addr<<1)&0x7E);
SPI.transfer(val);

digitalWrite(chipSelectPin, HIGH);
}

/*
* 函数名：Read_MFRC522
* 功能描述：从MFRC522的某一寄存器读一个字节数据
* 输入参数：addr--寄存器地址
* 返回值：返回读取到的一个字节数据
*/
uchar Read_MFRC522(uchar addr)
{
uchar val;

digitalWrite(chipSelectPin, LOW);

//地址格式：1XXXXXX0
SPI.transfer(((addr<<1)&0x7E) | 0x80);
val =SPI.transfer(0x00);

digitalWrite(chipSelectPin, HIGH);

return val;
}

/*
* 函数名：SetBitMask
* 功能描述：置RC522寄存器位
* 输入参数：reg--寄存器地址;mask--置位值
* 返回值：无
*/
void SetBitMask(uchar reg, uchar mask)
{
uchar tmp;
tmp = Read_MFRC522(reg);
Write_MFRC522(reg, tmp | mask);  // set bit mask
}

/*
* 函数名：ClearBitMask
* 功能描述：清RC522寄存器位
* 输入参数：reg--寄存器地址;mask--清位值
* 返回值：无
*/
void ClearBitMask(uchar reg, uchar mask)
{
uchar tmp;
tmp = Read_MFRC522(reg);
Write_MFRC522(reg, tmp & (~mask));  // clear bit mask
}

/*
* 函数名：AntennaOn
* 功能描述：开启天线,每次启动或关闭天险发射之间应至少有1ms的间隔
* 输入参数：无
* 返回值：无
*/
void AntennaOn(void)
{
uchar temp;

temp = Read_MFRC522(TxControlReg);
if (!(temp & 0x03))
{
SetBitMask(TxControlReg, 0x03);
}
}

/*
* 函数名：AntennaOff
* 功能描述：关闭天线,每次启动或关闭天险发射之间应至少有1ms的间隔
* 输入参数：无
* 返回值：无
*/
void AntennaOff(void)
{
ClearBitMask(TxControlReg, 0x03);
}

/*
* 函数名：ResetMFRC522
* 功能描述：复位RC522
* 输入参数：无
* 返回值：无
*/
void MFRC522_Reset(void)
{
Write_MFRC522(CommandReg, PCD_RESETPHASE);
}

/*
* 函数名：InitMFRC522
* 功能描述：初始化RC522
* 输入参数：无
* 返回值：无
*/
void MFRC522_Init(void)
{
digitalWrite(NRSTPD,HIGH);

MFRC522_Reset();

//Timer: TPrescaler*TreloadVal/6.78MHz = 24ms
Write_MFRC522(TModeReg, 0x8D); //Tauto=1; f(Timer) = 6.78MHz/TPreScaler
Write_MFRC522(TPrescalerReg, 0x3E); //TModeReg[3..0] + TPrescalerReg
Write_MFRC522(TReloadRegL, 30);
Write_MFRC522(TReloadRegH, 0);

Write_MFRC522(TxAutoReg, 0x40); //100%ASK
Write_MFRC522(ModeReg, 0x3D); //CRC初始值0x6363 ???

//ClearBitMask(Status2Reg, 0x08); //MFCrypto1On=0
//Write_MFRC522(RxSelReg, 0x86); //RxWait = RxSelReg[5..0]
//Write_MFRC522(RFCfgReg, 0x7F);    //RxGain = 48dB

AntennaOn(); //打开天线
}

/*
* 函数名：MFRC522_Request
* 功能描述：寻卡，读取卡类型号
* 输入参数：reqMode--寻卡方式，
*    TagType--返回卡片类型
*      0x4400 = Mifare_UltraLight
* 0x0400 = Mifare_One(S50)
* 0x0200 = Mifare_One(S70)
* 0x0800 = Mifare_Pro(X)
* 0x4403 = Mifare_DESFire
* 返回值：成功返回MI_OK
*/
uchar MFRC522_Request(uchar reqMode, uchar *TagType)
{
uchar status;
uint backBits; //接收到的数据位数

Write_MFRC522(BitFramingReg, 0x07); //TxLastBists = BitFramingReg[2..0] ???

TagType[0] = reqMode;
status = MFRC522_ToCard(PCD_TRANSCEIVE, TagType, 1, TagType, &backBits);

if ((status != MI_OK) || (backBits != 0x10))
{
status = MI_ERR;
}

return status;
}

/*
* 函数名：MFRC522_ToCard
* 功能描述：RC522和ISO14443卡通讯
* 输入参数：command--MF522命令字，
*    sendData--通过RC522发送到卡片的数据,
*    sendLen--发送的数据长度
*    backData--接收到的卡片返回数据，
*    backLen--返回数据的位长度
* 返回值：成功返回MI_OK
*/
uchar MFRC522_ToCard(uchar command, uchar *sendData, uchar sendLen, uchar *backData, uint *backLen)
{
uchar status = MI_ERR;
uchar irqEn = 0x00;
uchar waitIRq = 0x00;
uchar lastBits;
uchar n;
uint i;

switch (command)
{
      case PCD_AUTHENT: //认证卡密
{
irqEn = 0x12;
waitIRq = 0x10;
break;
}
case PCD_TRANSCEIVE: //发送FIFO中数据
{
irqEn = 0x77;
waitIRq = 0x30;
break;
}
default:
break;
}

Write_MFRC522(CommIEnReg, irqEn|0x80); //允许中断请求
ClearBitMask(CommIrqReg, 0x80); //清除所有中断请求位
SetBitMask(FIFOLevelReg, 0x80); //FlushBuffer=1, FIFO初始化

Write_MFRC522(CommandReg, PCD_IDLE); //NO action;取消当前命令 ???

//向FIFO中写入数据
for (i=0; i<sendLen; i++)
{
Write_MFRC522(FIFODataReg, sendData);
}

//执行命令
Write_MFRC522(CommandReg, command);
if (command == PCD_TRANSCEIVE)
{
SetBitMask(BitFramingReg, 0x80); //StartSend=1,transmission of data starts
}

//等待接收数据完成
i = 2000; //i根据时钟频率调整，操作M1卡最大等待时间25ms ???
do
{
//CommIrqReg[7..0]
//Set1 TxIRq RxIRq IdleIRq HiAlerIRq LoAlertIRq ErrIRq TimerIRq
      n = Read_MFRC522(CommIrqReg);
      i--;
}
while ((i!=0) && !(n&0x01) && !(n&waitIRq));

ClearBitMask(BitFramingReg, 0x80); //StartSend=0

if (i != 0)
{
      if(!(Read_MFRC522(ErrorReg) & 0x1B)) //BufferOvfl Collerr CRCErr ProtecolErr
      {
         status = MI_OK;
         if (n & irqEn & 0x01)
         {
status = MI_NOTAGERR; //??
}

         if (command == PCD_TRANSCEIVE)
         {
               n = Read_MFRC522(FIFOLevelReg);
              lastBits = Read_MFRC522(ControlReg) & 0x07;
            if (lastBits)
            {
*backLen = (n-1)*8 + lastBits;
}
            else
            {
*backLen = n*8;
}

            if (n == 0)
            {
n = 1;
}
            if (n > MAX_LEN)
            {
n = MAX_LEN;
}

//读取FIFO中接收到的数据
            for (i=0; i<n; i++)
            {
backData = Read_MFRC522(FIFODataReg);
}
         }
      }
      else
      {
status = MI_ERR;
}

}

//SetBitMask(ControlReg,0x80);          //timer stops
//Write_MFRC522(CommandReg, PCD_IDLE);

return status;
}

/*
* 函数名：MFRC522_Anticoll
* 功能描述：防冲突检测，读取选中卡片的卡序列号
* 输入参数：serNum--返回4字节卡序列号,第5字节为校验字节
* 返回值：成功返回MI_OK
*/
uchar MFRC522_Anticoll(uchar *serNum)
{
uchar status;
uchar i;
uchar serNumCheck=0;
uint unLen;

//ClearBitMask(Status2Reg, 0x08); //TempSensclear
//ClearBitMask(CollReg,0x80); //ValuesAfterColl
Write_MFRC522(BitFramingReg, 0x00); //TxLastBists = BitFramingReg[2..0]

serNum[0] = PICC_ANTICOLL;
serNum[1] = 0x20;
status = MFRC522_ToCard(PCD_TRANSCEIVE, serNum, 2, serNum, &unLen);

if (status == MI_OK)
{
//校验卡序列号
for (i=0; i<4; i++)
{
     serNumCheck ^= serNum;
}
if (serNumCheck != serNum)
{
status = MI_ERR;
}
}

//SetBitMask(CollReg, 0x80); //ValuesAfterColl=1

return status;
}

/*
* 函数名：CalulateCRC
* 功能描述：用MF522计算CRC
* 输入参数：pIndata--要读数CRC的数据，len--数据长度，pOutData--计算的CRC结果
* 返回值：无
*/
void CalulateCRC(uchar *pIndata, uchar len, uchar *pOutData)
{
uchar i, n;

ClearBitMask(DivIrqReg, 0x04); //CRCIrq = 0
SetBitMask(FIFOLevelReg, 0x80); //清FIFO指针
//Write_MFRC522(CommandReg, PCD_IDLE);

//向FIFO中写入数据
for (i=0; i<len; i++)
{
Write_MFRC522(FIFODataReg, *(pIndata+i));
}
Write_MFRC522(CommandReg, PCD_CALCCRC);

//等待CRC计算完成
i = 0xFF;
do
{
      n = Read_MFRC522(DivIrqReg);
      i--;
}
while ((i!=0) && !(n&0x04)); //CRCIrq = 1

//读取CRC计算结果
pOutData[0] = Read_MFRC522(CRCResultRegL);
pOutData[1] = Read_MFRC522(CRCResultRegM);
}

/*
* 函数名：MFRC522_SelectTag
* 功能描述：选卡，读取卡存储器容量
* 输入参数：serNum--传入卡序列号
* 返回值：成功返回卡容量
*/
uchar MFRC522_SelectTag(uchar *serNum)
{
uchar i;
uchar status;
uchar size;
uint recvBits;
uchar buffer[9];

//ClearBitMask(Status2Reg, 0x08); //MFCrypto1On=0

buffer[0] = PICC_SElECTTAG;
buffer[1] = 0x70;
for (i=0; i<5; i++)
{
buffer[i+2] = *(serNum+i);
}
CalulateCRC(buffer, 7, &buffer[7]); //??
status = MFRC522_ToCard(PCD_TRANSCEIVE, buffer, 9, buffer, &recvBits);

if ((status == MI_OK) && (recvBits == 0x18))
{
size = buffer[0];
}
else
{
size = 0;
}

return size;
}

/*
* 函数名：MFRC522_Auth
* 功能描述：验证卡片密码
* 输入参数：authMode--密码验证模式
               0x60 = 验证A密钥
               0x61 = 验证B密钥
         BlockAddr--块地址
         Sectorkey--扇区密码
         serNum--卡片序列号，4字节
* 返回值：成功返回MI_OK
*/
uchar MFRC522_Auth(uchar authMode, uchar BlockAddr, uchar *Sectorkey, uchar *serNum)
{
uchar status;
uint recvBits;
uchar i;
uchar buff[12];

//验证指令+块地址＋扇区密码＋卡序列号
buff[0] = authMode;
buff[1] = BlockAddr;
for (i=0; i<6; i++)
{
buff[i+2] = *(Sectorkey+i);
}
for (i=0; i<4; i++)
{
buff[i+8] = *(serNum+i);
}
status = MFRC522_ToCard(PCD_AUTHENT, buff, 12, buff, &recvBits);

if ((status != MI_OK) || (!(Read_MFRC522(Status2Reg) & 0x08)))
{
status = MI_ERR;
}

return status;
}

/*
* 函数名：MFRC522_Read
* 功能描述：读块数据
* 输入参数：blockAddr--块地址;recvData--读出的块数据
* 返回值：成功返回MI_OK
*/
uchar MFRC522_Read(uchar blockAddr, uchar *recvData)
{
uchar status;
uint unLen;

recvData[0] = PICC_READ;
recvData[1] = blockAddr;
CalulateCRC(recvData,2, &recvData[2]);
status = MFRC522_ToCard(PCD_TRANSCEIVE, recvData, 4, recvData, &unLen);

if ((status != MI_OK) || (unLen != 0x90))
{
      status = MI_ERR;
}

return status;
}

/*
* 函数名：MFRC522_Write
* 功能描述：写块数据
* 输入参数：blockAddr--块地址;writeData--向块写16字节数据
* 返回值：成功返回MI_OK
*/
uchar MFRC522_Write(uchar blockAddr, uchar *writeData)
{
uchar status;
uint recvBits;
uchar i;
uchar buff[18];

buff[0] = PICC_WRITE;
buff[1] = blockAddr;
CalulateCRC(buff, 2, &buff[2]);
status = MFRC522_ToCard(PCD_TRANSCEIVE, buff, 4, buff, &recvBits);

if ((status != MI_OK) || (recvBits != 4) || ((buff[0] & 0x0F) != 0x0A))
{
status = MI_ERR;
}

if (status == MI_OK)
{
      for (i=0; i<16; i++) //向FIFO写16Byte数据
      {
        buff = *(writeData+i);
      }
      CalulateCRC(buff, 16, &buff[16]);
      status = MFRC522_ToCard(PCD_TRANSCEIVE, buff, 18, buff, &recvBits);

if ((status != MI_OK) || (recvBits != 4) || ((buff[0] & 0x0F) != 0x0A))
      {
status = MI_ERR;
}
}

return status;
}

/*
* 函数名：MFRC522_Halt
* 功能描述：命令卡片进入休眠状态
* 输入参数：无
* 返回值：无
*/
void MFRC522_Halt(void)
{
uchar status;
uint unLen;
uchar buff[4];

buff[0] = PICC_HALT;
buff[1] = 0;
CalulateCRC(buff, 2, &buff[2]);

status = MFRC522_ToCard(PCD_TRANSCEIVE, buff, 4, buff,&unLen);
}

wing · 发表于 2013-5-15 00:31:21

蒂娜·帅发表于 2013-5-14 13:28
我想实现的是采用MFRC522射频读写模块在Arduino单片机的控制下实现对Mifare卡的读写访问操作。

我不算很有经验，不过对RFID比较感兴趣，所以来探讨这个问题。不过冒犯地讲句，您的问题就像挤牙膏......

不知道以下两点是否对您有参考价值：
一. 522的例子网上很多，主要都是基于SPI的，我不确定您6楼的程序是正确的
二.7楼和9楼的程序其实是差不多的，但是您确定您只是想写卡而不是破解

水涌沧 · 发表于 2014-3-22 14:44:36

有人用I2C 读卡吗？我今天试了试，总线地址不知道啊！

smching · 发表于 2014-3-22 23:32:23

水涌沧发表于 2014-3-22 14:44
有人用I2C 读卡吗？我今天试了试，总线地址不知道啊！

Stronglink SL018行吗？
http://www.geek-workshop.com/thread-4168-1-1.html

水涌沧 · 发表于 2014-3-23 14:27:50

smching 发表于 2014-3-22 23:32
Stronglink SL018行吗？
http://www.geek-workshop.com/thread-4168-1-1.html

只要Rc522的！!!!

smching · 发表于 2014-3-24 22:25:01

水涌沧发表于 2014-3-23 14:27
只要Rc522的！!!!

根据RC522说明书，如果用以下方式连接：
- RC522的 SDA 引脚连接至 GPIO SDA,
- RC522的 I2C 引脚连接至 +3.3V,
- RC522的 EA 引脚连接至 GND,
- RC522的 D7 引脚连接至 GPIO SCL,
** 第一颗RC522的 D6 引脚连接至 GND,
** 第二颗RRC522的 D6 引脚连接至 +3.3V,
- RC522的 D5 引脚连接至 GND
- RC522的 D4 引脚连接至 GND
- RC522的 D3 引脚连接至 GND
- RC522的 D2 引脚连接至 GND
- RC522的 D1 引脚连接至 GND

第一颗RC522的地址是0b0101000，第二颗RC522的地址是0b0101001

如果使用spi，它的Arduino程序库已经很成熟
https://github.com/miguelbalboa/rfid

【__す__】 · 发表于 2014-7-15 10:28:06

status = MFRC522_Auth(PICC_AUTHENT1A, blockAddr, sectorNewKeyA[blockAddr/4], serNum);       //认证
请问认证的时候为啥  密码用的  sectorNewKeyA[blockAddr/4]  ，  数组里面为啥是 blockAddr/4，而 uchar sectorNewKeyA[16][16] = {{0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF},
                                 {0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xff,0x07,0x80,0x69, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF},
                                 {0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xff,0x07,0x80,0x69, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF},
                                 }; 相当于只有 3行数据，要是 blockAddr=63  是不是就没发认证密码了？？？或是  认证的为第15行但是十五行密码是16个0？？？

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