本帖最后由 机器谱 于 2023-3-14 10:32 编辑
1、功能描述
R308样机是一款拥有3自由度的串联机械臂。本文提供的示例所实现的功能为:在3自由度串联机械臂样机上安装电磁铁,实现电磁铁搬运物品的功能。
2、电子硬件 在这个示例中,我们采用了以下硬件,请大家参考:
主控板 | Basra(兼容Arduino Uno) | 扩展板 | Bigfish2.1 | 舵机 | 270°伺服电机 | 电池 | 7.4V锂电池 | 其它
| 电磁铁、USB线
|
电路连接说明:
 注: ① 270°伺服电机连接在Bigfish扩展板D4 . GND . VCC接口上 ② 270°伺服电机连接在Bigfish扩展板D7 . GND . VCC接口上 ③ 270°伺服电机连接在Bigfish扩展板D11 . GND . VCC接口上 电磁铁连接在Bigfish扩展板D9,D10接口上
3、运动控制 上位机:Controller 1.0 下位机编程环境:Arduino 1.8.19
3.1初始位置的设定 ① 将Controller下位机程序servo_bigfish.ino直接下载到主控板。这段代码供Controller上位机与主控板通信,并允许调试舵机。代码如下: - /*------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 版权说明:Copyright 2023 Robottime(Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
- Distributed under MIT license.See file LICENSE for detail or copy at
- https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
- by 机器谱 2023-01-31 https://www.robotway.com/
- ------------------------------
- /*
- * Bigfish扩展板舵机口; 4, 7, 11, 3, 8, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19
- * 使用软件调节舵机时请拖拽对应序号的控制块
- */
- #include <Servo.h>
- #define ANGLE_VALUE_MIN 0
- #define ANGLE_VALUE_MAX 180
- #define PWM_VALUE_MIN 500
- #define PWM_VALUE_MAX 2500
- #define SERVO_NUM 12
- Servo myServo[SERVO_NUM];
- int data_array[2] = {0,0}; //servo_pin: data_array[0], servo_value: data_array[1];
- int servo_port[SERVO_NUM] = {4, 7, 11, 3, 8, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19};
- int servo_value[SERVO_NUM] = {};
- String data = "";
- boolean dataComplete = false;
- void setup() {
- Serial.begin(9600);
-
- }
- void loop() {
-
- while(Serial.available())
- {
- int B_flag, P_flag, T_flag;
- data = Serial.readStringUntil('\n');
- data.trim();
- for(int i=0;i<data.length();i++)
- {
- //Serial.println(data[i]);
- switch(data[i])
- {
- case '#':
- B_flag = i;
- break;
- case 'P':
- {
- String pin = "";
- P_flag = i;
- for(int i=B_flag+1;i<P_flag;i++)
- {
- pin+=data[i];
- }
- data_array[0] = pin.toInt();
- }
- break;
- case 'T':
- {
- String angle = "";
- T_flag = i;
- for(int i=P_flag+1;i<T_flag;i++)
- {
- angle += data[i];
- }
- data_array[1] = angle.toInt();
- servo_value[pin2index(data_array[0])] = data_array[1];
- }
- break;
- default: break;
- }
- }
-
- /*
- Serial.println(B_flag);
- Serial.println(P_flag);
- Serial.println(T_flag);
-
- for(int i=0;i<2;i++)
- {
- Serial.println(data_array[i]);
- }
- */
-
- dataComplete = true;
- }
-
- if(dataComplete)
- {
- for(int i=0;i<SERVO_NUM;i++)
- {
- ServoGo(i, servo_value[i]);
- /*********************************串口查看输出***********************************/
- // Serial.print(servo_value[i]);
- // Serial.print(" ");
- }
- // Serial.println();
- /*********************************++++++++++++***********************************/
- dataComplete = false;
- }
-
- }
- void ServoStart(int which){
- if(!myServo[which].attached() && (servo_value[which] != 0))myServo[which].attach(servo_port[which]);
- else return;
- pinMode(servo_port[which], OUTPUT);
- }
- void ServoStop(int which){
- myServo[which].detach();
- digitalWrite(servo_port[which],LOW);
- }
- void ServoGo(int which , int where){
- ServoStart(which);
- if(where >= ANGLE_VALUE_MIN && where <= ANGLE_VALUE_MAX)
- {
- myServo[which].write(where);
- }
- else if(where >= PWM_VALUE_MIN && where <= PWM_VALUE_MAX)
- {
- myServo[which].writeMicroseconds(where);
- }
- }
- int pin2index(int _pin){
- int index;
- switch(_pin)
- {
- case 4: index = 0; break;
- case 7: index = 1; break;
- case 11: index = 2; break;
- case 3: index = 3; break;
- case 8: index = 4; break;
- case 12: index = 5; break;
- case 14: index = 6; break;
- case 15: index = 7; break;
- case 16: index = 8; break;
- case 17: index = 9; break;
- case 18: index = 10; break;
- case 19: index = 11; break;
- }
- return index;
- }
复制代码
下载完成后,保持主控板和电脑的USB连接,以便利用上位机进行调试。 ② 双击打开Controller 1.0b.exe:
③ 界面左上角选择:设置-面板设置,弹出需要显示的调试块,可通过勾选隐藏不需要调试的舵机块:联机-选择主控板对应端口号以及波特率。
④ 拖动进度条,可以观察相应的舵机角度转动。写好对应的舵机调试角度,勾选左下角添加-转化,获得舵机调试的数组:
⑤ 将该数组直接复制到相应的Arduino程序中的get_coordinate()部分进行使用。
3.2调试好角度后将电磁铁搬运例程(calculate_angle_test.ino)下载到主控板: - /*------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 版权说明:Copyright 2023 Robottime(Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
- Distributed under MIT license.See file LICENSE for detail or copy at
- https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
- by 机器谱 2023-01-31 https://www.robotway.com/
- ------------------------------*/
- #include <math.h>
- #include <Servo.h>
- #define SERVO_SPEED 3460 //定义舵机转动快慢的时间
- #define ACTION_DELAY 200 //定义所有舵机每个状态时间间隔
- #define L1 172
- #define L2 160
- #define L3 135
- Servo myServo[6];
- int f = 200; //定义舵机每个状态间转动的次数,以此来确定每个舵机每次转动的角度
- int servo_port[6] = {4,7,11,3,8,12}; //定义舵机引脚
- int servo_num = sizeof(servo_port) / sizeof(servo_port[0]); //定义舵机数量
- float value_init[6] = {1500, 1500, 1500, 0, 0, 0}; //定义舵机初始角度
- double theta[3] = {};
- float value_pwm[6] = {};
- float coordinate[3] = {};
- int data_num;
- boolean dataComplete = false;
- void setup() {
- Serial.begin(9600);
- pinMode(9, OUTPUT);
- pinMode(10, OUTPUT);
- for(int i=0;i<servo_num;i++){
- ServoGo(i,value_init[i]);
- }
-
- get_coordinate(160, 0, 45);
- delay(1000);
- }
- void loop() {
- get_coordinate(125, 100, 45);
- get_coordinate(125, 100, 20);
- delay(1000);
- put();
- get_coordinate(125, 100, 45);
- get_coordinate(125, 100, 20);
- delay(500);
- get();
- get_coordinate(125, 100, 45);
-
-
- get_coordinate(158, 5, 80);
- get_coordinate(158, 5, 51);
- delay(1000);
- put();
- get_coordinate(158, 5, 80);
- get_coordinate(158, 5, 51);
- delay(500);
- get();
- get_coordinate(110, 0, 158);
-
- get_coordinate(100, -80, 116);
- delay(1000);
- put();
- get_coordinate(100, -80, 140);
- get_coordinate(100, -80, 116);
- delay(500);
- get();
- get_coordinate(100, -80, 140);
-
- get_coordinate(110, 0, 160);
- get_coordinate(158, 5, 51);
- delay(1000);
- put();
- get_coordinate(158, 5, 80);
- get_coordinate(158, 5, 51);
- delay(500);
- get();
- get_coordinate(160, 5, 80);
- delay(200);
- }
- void get_coordinate(float x, float y, float z){
- coordinate[0] = x;
- coordinate[1] = y;
- coordinate[2] = z;
-
- angle();
- }
- void angle(){
- calculate_position(coordinate);
-
- for(byte i=0;i<3;i++){
- value_pwm[i] = map(theta[i], 0, 180, 500, 2500);
- }
-
- servo_move(value_pwm[0], value_pwm[1], value_pwm[2], 0, 0, 0);
- dataComplete = false;
- }
- void calculate_position(float coordinate[3]){
- float a, b, c, posX, posY, posZ;
- double theta0, theta1, theta2;
- a = L2;
- b = L3;
-
- posX = coordinate[0] == 0 ? 1 : coordinate[0];
- posY = coordinate[1];
- posZ = coordinate[2];
- theta0 = atan(posX / posY);
- c = sqrt(posX * posX / sq(sin(theta0)) + sq(posZ - L1));
- theta2 = acos((a * a + b * b - c * c) / (2 * a * b));
- theta1 = asin((posZ - L1) / c) + acos((a * a + c * c - b * b) / (2 * a * c));
- if(theta0 >= 0){
- theta[0] = theta0 * 180 / PI;
- }
- else
- {
- theta[0] = 180 + theta0 * 180 / PI;
- }
- theta[1] = 90 - theta1 * 180 / PI;
- theta[2] = theta2 * 180 / PI;
- // Serial.print("theta0 = ");
- // Serial.println(theta[0]);
- // Serial.print("theta1 = ");
- // Serial.println(theta[1]);
- // Serial.print("theta2 = ");
- // Serial.println(theta[2]);
- // Serial.println("-------------------------------------");
- }
- void ServoStart(int which)
- {
- if(!myServo[which].attached())myServo[which].attach(servo_port[which]);
- pinMode(servo_port[which], OUTPUT);
- }
- void ServoStop(int which)
- {
- myServo[which].detach();
- digitalWrite(servo_port[which],LOW);
- }
- void ServoGo(int which , int where)
- {
- if(where!=200)
- {
- if(where==201) ServoStop(which);
- else
- {
- ServoStart(which);
- myServo[which].writeMicroseconds(where);
- }
- }
- }
- void servo_move(float value0, float value1, float value2, float value3, float value4, float value5)
- {
-
- float value_arguments[] = {value0, value1, value2, value3, value4, value5};
- float value_delta[servo_num];
-
- for(int i=0;i<servo_num;i++)
- {
- value_delta[i] = (value_arguments[i] - value_init[i]) / f;
- }
-
- for(int i=0;i<f;i++)
- {
- for(int k=0;k<servo_num;k++)
- {
- value_init[k] = value_delta[k] == 0 ? value_arguments[k] : value_init[k] + value_delta[k];
- }
-
- for(int j=0;j<servo_num;j++)
- {
- ServoGo(j,value_init[j]);
- }
- delayMicroseconds(SERVO_SPEED);
- }
-
-
- }
- void get(){
- digitalWrite(9, HIGH);
- digitalWrite(10, LOW);
- delay(1000);
- }
- void put(){
- digitalWrite(9, LOW);
- digitalWrite(10, LOW);
- delay(1000);
- }
复制代码
4. 资料下载
资料内容:
①R308-电磁铁搬运-程序源代码
②R308-电磁铁搬运-样机3D文件
③Controller1.0b资料包
资料下载地址:https://www.robotway.com/h-col-191.html
想了解更多机器人开源项目资料请关注 机器谱网站 https://www.robotway.com |